From aceska at telus.net Thu Jun 8 08:49:54 2006 From: aceska at telus.net (Adolf Ceska) Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2006 00:49:54 -0700 Subject: [BEN-L]BEN # 362 Message-ID: <001801c68ad0$21c18880$f1dcb440@xphome> BBBBB EEEEEE NN N ISSN 1188-603X BB B EE NNN N BBBBB EEEEE NN N N BOTANICAL BB B EE NN NN ELECTRONIC BBBBB EEEEEE NN N NEWS No. 362 June 8, 2006 aceska@telus.net Victoria, B.C. ----------------------------------------------------------- Dr. A. Ceska, P.O.Box 8546, Victoria, B.C. Canada V8W 3S2 ----------------------------------------------------------- ADAM F. SZCZAWINSKI (1913-2006) Adapted from: Turner, Nancy J. [in press] 2006. Adam F. Szczawinski, A Botanical Pioneer in British Columbia. _Davidsonia_ (Upcoming issue.) Adam Szczawinski was born on October 21, 1913 in Lwow, Poland. He grew up in Lwow, where his father was an estate keeper and forestry specialist. He was especially influenced as a child by his maternal grandmother, Mrs. Pluchtnyak, who rode horses until she was in her 80s. When he turned 12, Adam was given his own horse, Cashtanka ("horse chestnut") as a birthday present from his father. He used to ride far into the forest by himself, through the beech woods, on Cashtanka. One day, he encountered an old woman who was considered the village witch. She was collecting fly agaric mushrooms, and she made Adam climb down from his horse so she could tell his fortune. She wrapped the skin of the mushroom cap on her forehead and her tongue, and then she went into a trance. She held his hand and said, "Oh! I see big fire, huge fire, and you are running away. And you go through the water, plenty water! And the other side, and you are safe there. And then the big war started. You were on the other side, and then you were safe." Adam recounted this story to me in 2002. He laughed at the old woman then, but remarked in hindsight, "More or less, in a few years, I found out that she was right!" Adam attended the University of Lwow from 1932 to 1937, where he studied botany and medicine. In 1936, he became a lecturer in biology at the Commercial College in Lwow, and in 1937, an instructor at the University of Lwow, until 1939 when World War II broke out. He was forced to flee Poland, and made his way to Hungary and then France, having evaded capture from the Nazis and Gestapo on several occasions, then being captured and imprisoned in Budapest. He managed to escape and after many adventures, he enlisted in the Polish Army in France on January 4, 1940. Arriving in Great Britain by perilous convoy from France, he served as Director of Education, at the Polish Air Force Headquarters in London from 1944 to 1946. He was promoted to the rank of Flight Lieutenant, in the Royal Air Force in 1946. He fell in love with and married Mary, his beautiful Scottish wife, and together they emmigrated to Canada in 1948. After an unsuccessful effort at farming on Lulu Island - potatoes, strawberries, and cut flowers - and a somewhat disastrous time as a boiler fireman for Aylmer's fruit and vegetable cannery, he decided to go back to university. With the support of many, especially Czech forest ecologist Dr. Vladimir Krajina, he received his Ph.D. through the Department of Botany, at the University of British Columbia, in 1953. He was UBC's first PhD recipient in botany. His doctoral research was undertaken in the Nanaimo River Valley (Nanaimo Lakes area), where he salvaged canopy lichens from the Old Growth trees that were being logged. He stayed for long periods of time in isolation while he did his fieldwork, and recalled once or twice seeing a large cougar crouched in a tree over his head when he went down to get water from the creek. His thesis was entitled _Corticolous and lignicolous plant communities in the forest associations of the Douglas-fir forest on Vancouver Island_. As a graduate student, he and Mary struggled to make ends meet, and they were often helped out by Professor Krajina and other kindly individuals. After completing his PhD, he remained as a lecturer in the Department of Botany at UBC until 1955, when he took the position as Curator of Botany and Head of the Botany Division at the British Columbia Provincial Museum [now Royal British Columbia Museum] in Victoria. Mary gave birth to their only child, their son Alan, in 1956. Tragically, in 1968, when Alan was only 12 years old, Mary died suddenly from a heart attack; Adam never remarried. He remained in the position at the Provincial Museum until 1975, serving alongside Dr. Clifford Carl, Wilson Duff, Dr. Charlie Guiguet, Dr. Bristol Foster, and York Edwards, among others. During his time at the Museum, he served as Acting Director on many occasions. He also lectured widely throughout northwestern North America - sometimes speaking six or more times in a single week. He was in large measure responsible for the planning and implementation of the present Museum/Archives complex. Before this structure was built, the Museum was housed in the east wing of the Legislative Buildings. Together with Dr. V. J. Krajina and others, he conceived and implemented the Ecological Reserves program in British Columbia, incurring considerable annoyance from politicians like Premier W.A.C. Bennett for his outspoken views on the importance of conserving representative ecosystems of the province. He also undertook extensive plant collecting in British Columbia and Yukon; most of his collections are housed at the Royal B.C. Museum herbarium (V) and at the University of British Columbia herbarium (UBC). He helped to found _Syesis_, a research journal published by the Museum, and was a founding member of Canadian Botanical Association. He saw the Museum's role in biological and ecological research as paramount, and was a key developer and promoter of the _Museum's Handbook_ and _Occasional Paper_ series. As well as recruiting authors for several of the handbooks (T.M.C. Taylor, Wilfred Schofield, Robert Scagel), he personally authored and co-authored several of _Handbooks_ as well as co-authoring the _Flora of the Saanich Peninsula_ (with A. S. Harrison). After his retirement in 1975, he continued to give many public lectures, especially on edible mushrooms and also co-authored five additional books: a set of four volumes on _Edible Wild Plants of Canada_ (with N. J. Turner) and _Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms of North America_ (with N. J. Turner). Adam Szczawinski passed away peacefully at Victoria General Hospital on June 2, 2006. Until the time he entered the hospital, he lived in his own home, the one he and Mary had purchased when they moved to Victoria, on Viaduct Avenue. He is survived by his son, Alan Szczawinski, daugher-in-law Barbara Lund, and grandchildren Jacob, Maxwell and Kira. Adam F. Szczawinski publications: Bandoni, R.J. and A. F. Szczawinski. 1976. _Mushrooms of British Columbia_. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook Number 24, Victoria. Szczawinski, A. F. 1959. _The Orchids of British Columbia_. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook Number 16, Victoria. Szczawinski, A. F. 1962 _The Heather Family (Ericaceae) of British Columbia_. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook Number 19, Victoria. Szczawinski, A. F. & G.A. Hardy. 1975. _Guide to Common Edible Plants of British Columbia_. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook Number 20, Victoria. Szczawinski, A. F. & G.A. Hardy. 1975. Guide to Common Edible Plants of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook Number 20, Victoria. Szczawinski, A. F. & A. S. Harrison. 1973. _Flora of the Saanich Peninsula_. Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Provincial Museum No. 16 Szczawinski, Adam F. & Nancy J. Turner. 1978. _Edible Garden Weeds of Canada_. Edible Wild Plants of Canada No. 1. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. Szczawinski, Adam F. & Nancy J. Turner. 1980. _Wild Green Vegetables of Canada_. Edible Wild Plants of Canada No. 4. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. Turner, Nancy J. & Adam F. Szczawinski. 1979. _Edible Wild Fruits and Nuts of Canada_. Edible Wild Plants of Canada No. 3. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. Turner, Nancy J. & Adam F. Szczawinski. 1978. _Wild Coffee and Tea Substitutes of Canada_. Edible Wild Plants of Canada No. 2. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. Turner, Nancy J. & Adam F. Szczawinski. 1991. _Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms of North America_. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. (Paperback edition published in February 1995) [American Library Association awards: Outstanding Reference Source 1991; and Outstanding Academic Books and Nonprint Materials 1991, from _Choice_ magazine, the journal of academic libraries.] POSTHUMOUS BIODIVERSITY AWARENESS AWARD: PHILIP PRESTON CASWELL The 2005 Biodiversity Awareness Award is posthumous awarded to Phil Caswell (October 8, 1932 - November 12, 2005). His death at his home in upstate New York surprised and saddened the botany community in the Yukon and beyond. >From summer 2000 to 2005, Phil volunteered thousands of hours to Kluane National Park Reserve, much of it at his own expense, investigating, collecting and identifying plants from the Park and surrounding areas. He also volunteered briefly in Vuntut National Park and Asi Keyi (proposed Territorial Park). Furthermore, he volunteered thousands of hours to search through herbaria in Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Ottawa, and others to ensure that the list of known plants for Kluane was complete. Phil's work greatly contributed to our understanding of the flora of Kluane, which (after the southeast Yukon) is the second-most biologically diverse area in the Yukon. In total, he discovered 13 new taxa for the Yukon: 3 introduced and 10 native plant species. Perhaps his two greatest discoveries were _Rumex beringensis_, a species new to Canada and the rediscovery of _Draba yukonensis_, Canada's rarest plant (see BEN # 357). Phil's work also provided valuable information about the plant ecosystems in the Park. Phil had a dedicated love affair with plants in Kluane. Whenever Phil was contacted in the winter, he would always remind us how many days he had until he was on the road back to Kluane. The countdown usually started in the fall, the day after he left us. The return of spring was marked by his return to the Yukon. He would drive up each year and, upon arrival, quietly settle into the work he enjoyed doing. Phil's enthusiasm was contagious; he always saw himself as a student, though for others he was always a teacher. He had a gift for exciting anyone, especially those with no background in botany, to seek out rare and elusive plants. Acknowledging contributions was important to Phil; the number and diversity of people that assisted him is represented by the lists of "collectors" on the herbarium labels on his specimens. Phil was a unique character and talented storyteller. Phil and his wife once cared for a `pet' coatamundi and a cougar, among many other exotic creatures. He had a distinguished career in the US military. He received a Gallantry Cross for his role in initiating the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam II Corps' highly successful counterattacks during the TET Offensive in 1968. After his military career he became a botanist. He studied plants for 20 years in Alaska and the Yukon. He was thus exceptionally talented in his field, but exceedingly humble. He preferred to call himself a `plant chaser', fearing that the term botanist sounded too professional. Phil's energy was inspiring and unending. Even in his last days of life, his concern was to ensure that his work at Kluane would continue. To those in the Yukon who had the pleasure to know him, he will be missed, but not forgotten. _PACIFIC NORTHWEST FUNGI_ - A NEW SCIENTIFIC ONLINE JOURNAL The new scientific journal _Pacific Northwest Fungi_ is now online. First discussed at a meeting of the region's mycologists nearly four years ago, the new journal is part of the _Pacific Northwest Fungi Project_, an ongoing effort to develop a complete inventory of the fungi of the region. _Pacific Northwest Fungi_ is designed specifically for the World Wide Web and benefits from the speed, broad distribution, and low costs inherent in internet publishing. The journal publishes papers on all aspects of fungal natural history, ranging from ecology and biogeography to taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny. Article categories include Notes, Brief Reports, Full-Length Research Articles, and Reviews. Features of interest to authors include: 1. All manuscripts are subject to anonymous peer review before acceptance. 2. Publication is unusually rapid; papers are published individually on an ongoing basis rather than in collections (such as journal volumes). 3. Papers are assigned DOI codes (Digital Object Identifiers). DOI's function as perpetual web addresses that are part of a global system for permanent archiving and retrieval of digitized information (such as government documents and scientific journal articles). 4. Any reader with access to a computer and an internet search engine can find and download articles. 5. The journal publishes color photographs. 6. There are no page charges. The journal welcomes submissions. Please see the journal website www.pnwfungi.org for information on submitting manuscripts for review. ________________________________________________________________ Subscriptions: http://victoria.tc.ca/mailman/listinfo/ben-l Send submissions to aceska@telus.net BEN is archived at http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ ________________________________________________________________ From aceska at telus.net Sun Jun 18 07:31:09 2006 From: aceska at telus.net (Adolf Ceska) Date: Sat, 17 Jun 2006 23:31:09 -0700 Subject: [BEN-L]BEN # 363 Message-ID: <007201c692a0$c9d526d0$f1dcb440@xphome> BBBBB EEEEEE NN N ISSN 1188-603X BB B EE NNN N BBBBB EEEEE NN N N BOTANICAL BB B EE NN NN ELECTRONIC BBBBB EEEEEE NN N NEWS No. 363 June 17, 2006 aceska@telus.net Victoria, B.C. ----------------------------------------------------------- Dr. A. Ceska, P.O.Box 8546, Victoria, B.C. Canada V8W 3S2 ----------------------------------------------------------- ADAM SZCZAWINSKI [BEN 362] - POST SRIPTUM From: Toby Spribille [tspribi@gwdg.de] Adam Szczawinski's contribution to lichenology is also remembered in the naming of a lichen genus after him, _Szczawinskia_. See Funk, A. 1983. _Szczawinskia_, a new genus of the lichen-forming Coelomycetes. - _Syesis_ 16: 85-88. The genus includes three species, two known from the Pacific Northwest (BC and WA) and Norway, and one from Papua New Guinea. YUKON BIODIVERSITY AWARENESS AWARD 2006 - W.J. "BILL" CODY Bill Cody is being recognized for his numerous contributions to biodiversity awareness in the Yukon. Few individuals have made such a large and valuable contribution to the knowledge of the flora of North America found "north of 60ø". Bill has provided the foundation upon which all present and future studies of the Yukon flora are based. Bill's love of northern plants is rooted in his early years as a field botanist employed with Agriculture Canada. He spent 21 years working in the Northwest Territories and four years conducting field work in Yukon. Although he retired in 1987, his enthusiasm has continued. In his spare time and on his own dime he has written 14 major papers for the Yukon, the greatest culmination of which is the _Flora of the Yukon Territory_. Bill continues to collaborate with Yukoners on new records and range extensions to the flora of Yukon. Although retired for almost 20 years, Bill continues to go to his office daily. In 1998, 2000 and 2001 he returned to the Yukon to continue his botanical work and to show the territory to his children. Bill's overall publication list is impressive: he has authored over 258 papers and books; at least 122 of these publications are based on his work in the North. His articles have appeared in journals such as: _Canadian Field-Naturalist_, _Canadian Journal of Botany_, _Rhodora_ and _Le Naturaliste Canadien_. Books he has authored or coauthored include: _The Ferns of Canada_, _Vascular Plants of the Continental Northwest Territories_, _Flora of Riding Mountain National Park_, and most recently _Flora of the Yukon Territory_. In addition to these publications, he reviewed countless manuscripts, processed over 38,000 plant collections of his own and likely an equal number for other collectors. Our largest national herbarium, "Department of Agriculture in Ottawa" (DAO), would not be what it is today without Bill's contributions. DAO is recognized as one of the top 20 herbaria in the world. Bill has always been active in the Ottawa Field Naturalists. He has been the business manager for the Council of the journal _The Canadian Field-Naturalist_ since 1948. He has always been more than supportive of students across Canada and has enriched countless lives with his knowledge and humility. He is an inspiration to many botanists. To those in the plant world, Bill is already a titan. _Arabis codyi_ and _Saxifraga codyana_ are just two of the plant species found in the Yukon Territory that bear his name. With such a distinguished scientific career dedicated to plants in the north it is an honour to recognize William James Cody as the _2006 Yukon Biodiversity Awareness_ recipient. A NEW RECORD OF _ZIZANIA_ L. (WILD RICE) FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA From: Jeff M. Saarela and Chris J. Sears Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada [jsaarela@interchange.ubc.ca; sears@interchange.ubc.ca] Taxonomic Review of _Zizania_ _Zizania_ L. (wild rice) is a small genus of aquatic grasses that grow in shallow water in lakes and rivers. _Zizania_ is well known because its large caryopses have high nutritional value. Wild rice was a staple food for Native Americans, and it is now grown widely as a field crop in North America. Wild rice is the only cereal crop that is native to Canada. Four species are currently recognized in _Zizania_ (cf. Aiken et al. 1988; Terrell et al. 1997; Terrell and Duvall 2000). One species, the perennial _Z. latifolia_ (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf (Manchurian wild rice), is native to Asia, and three species (_Z. aquatica_ L., _Z. palustris_ L., and _Z. texana_ Hitchc.) are native to North America. _Zizania texana_ (Texas wild rice) is a perennial that is narrowly distributed in the Upper San Marcos River, Hays County, Texas (Terrell et al. 1978). _Zizania aquatica_ (southern wild rice) and _Z. palustris_ (northern wild rice) are both annual taxa, and have been variously recognized as a single species, _Z. aquatica_ with multiple varieties (e.g., Fassett 1924; Hitchcock and Chase 1951) or as distinct species. Recognition of two species is supported by data from macromorphology (e.g., Dore 1969; Dore and McNeill 1980; Aiken 1986), micromorphology (Terrell and Wergin 1981), isozymes (Warwick and Aiken 1986), and anatomy (Duvall and Biesboer 1988). Both _Zizania aquatica_ and _Z. palustris_ have two recognized varieties: _Zizania aquatica_ var. _aquatica_ is distributed natively along the Atlantic coastal plain, from Louisiana to the drainage of the St. Lawrence River in eastern Canada, and around the Great Lakes (Dore 1969; Aiken et al. 1988). _Zizania aquatica_ var. _brevis_ Fassett is distributed throughout the tidal flats of the St. Lawrence River estuary (Aiken et al. 1988). _Zizania palustris_ var. _palustris_ is native in Canada from Manitoba eastwards to Nova Scotia, and in the northern United States (Aiken et al. 1988). This taxon also occurs in Saskatchewan and Alberta, but it has likely been planted in these provinces (Dore 1969). _Zizania palustris_ var. _interior_ (Fassett) Dore (interior wild rice) is native in the north central United States and southern Manitoba (Aiken et al. 1988). _Zizania_ in British Columbia Populations of _Zizania_ have been reported from a few areas in British Columbia, but these were likely planted or otherwise introduced, as _Zizania_ is not believed to be native to the province. _Zizania_ has thus been variously included in (e.g., Taylor and MacBryde 1977; Warrington 1994; Douglas et al. 2001) or excluded from (Hubbard 1969; Douglas et al. 1994) floristic treatments of British Columbia. While fishing in 2004 in Widgeon Slough near Pitt Lake (north of Pitt Meadows) in southwestern British Columbia, we encountered a large and vigorous population of _Zizania aquatica_ var. _aquatica_. The population had not been documented previously. Without doing a formal survey, we estimate that several hundred plants were growing in the shallow water on either side of the creek. Widgeon Slough is part of a larger area that has been used and inhabited historically by people of the Katzie First Nation, thus it is very likely that the species was at one time planted there and the grains harvested for consumption. Interestingly, band members of the Katzie First Nation were not aware of the population when contacted (Mike Leon, personal communication 2006). We do not know how long the population has existed, or if it persisted beyond the 2004 growing season. Its discovery is noteworthy because it occurs close to Vancouver near the heavily-used Grant Narrows Regional Park, in the well- botanized Fraser River Valley. It is conceivable that the population has been overlooked by botanists in the past because it is accessible only by boat. Prior to this collection, _Zizania_ had not been recorded in the province since 1987. A voucher specimen of our collection has been deposited in UBC: _Zizania aquatica_ L. var. _aquatica_. British Columbia: Locally abundant in shallow tidal water (just above sea level) along edges of Widgeon Slough beside Siwash Island, near the confluence of Pitt River and Pitt Lake (Fox River Reach), north of Pitt Meadows. 49 deg. 21' 04" N. 122 deg. 39' 03" W. (UTM 10 525350 5466550) (Map 92G/7b), 5 September 2004, J.M. Saarela 285, C.J. Sears, H.S. Rai, & R. May (UBC). Discovery of this population prompted a search for other records of _Zizania_ from British Columbia. We have located five previous records of wild rice in the province. There are two collections of _Zizania_ in the herbarium (UBC) at the University of British Columbia. One of these is clearly identifiable as _Z. aquatica_ var. _aquatica_. The second specimen lacks reproductive structures. It is determined as _Z. aquatica_, but we are unable to confirm this identification based only on vegetative characteristics. Two British Columbia collections are present in the herbarium at the Royal British Columbia Museum (V), and one is present in the herbarium at the University of Victoria (UVIC). We have not seen these latter four collections, but they have been identified previously as _Z. aquatica_. There are no collections of _Zizania_ from BC in herbaria at the University of Alberta (ALTA), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa (DAO), or the Prince Rupert Forest Region (SMI). Specimen information for known records is presented below. Known Collections of _Zizania aquatica_ from British Columbia British Columbia: Head of Meldrum Creek, 4 Jul 1948, I. McTaggard-Cowan 75 (UBC!) (no reproductive structures); Kawkawa Lake, Hope, 31 August 1951, T. C. Brayshaw 51597 (UBC!); North Pender Island, Mollison Pond (local name), 13 July 1959, T.R. Ashlees.n. (UVIC); Cape Ball, Queen Charlotte Islands, saline slough,2 Aug. 1970 (planted spring 1970), N. Turner 211 (V); Terrace, small lake 11.2 km on Kalum Rd., 12 Aug. 1987, A. & O. Ceska 22909 (V, a and b). _Zizania palustris_ has not been reported from British Columbia. This species has larger grains compared with _Z. aquatica_, and it is favoured commercially. It is therefore possible that _Z. palustris_ might be planted in the province in the future, so we present a key to distinguish _Z. aquatica_ and _Z. palustris_. Taxonomic Key to the Annual Species of _Zizania_ L. [adapted from Dore (1969); Aiken et al. (1988), and Terrell et al. (1997)] 1. Lemmas of female spikelets delicate, thin, and papery, scabrous over the whole surface and along vein ribs; paleas scabrous. Male spikelets usually < 1.5 mm wide before anthesis ..................................... _Z. aquatica_ 1. Lemmas of female spikelets firm and tough; scabrous only on the margins at the apex, on the awn, and sometimes on the vein ribs; paleas glabrous. Male spikelets usually 1.5--2 mm wide before anthesis ........................ _Z. palustris_ Acknowledgements We are grateful to Hardeep Rai and Ryan May for camaraderie while fishing and for help collecting the species; Frank Lomer for discussion concerning the distribution of _Zizania_ in British Columbia; and Jacques Cayouette (DAO), Kathleen Capels (Utah State University), Jenifer Penny (British Columbia Conservation Data Centre), Karen McKeown (SMI), Dorothy Fabijan (ALTA), Ken Marr (V), and Erica Wheeler (UVIC) for help tracking down records of _Zizania_. Sean Graham (UBC) provided comments that improved the manuscript. References Aiken, S. G. 1986. The distinct morphology and germination of the grains on wild rice (_Zizania), Poaceae). _Canadian Field Naturalist_ 100: 237-240. Aiken, S. G., P. F. Lee, D. Punter, and J. M. Stewart. 1988. _Wild Rice in Canada_. NRC Press Limited, Toronto. Dore, W. G. 1969. _Wild-rice_. Canada Department of Agriculture Research Publication 1393: 1-84. Dore, W. G., and J. McNeill. 1980. _Grasses of Ontario_. Agriculture Canada Monograph 26. 566 p. Douglas, G. W., G. B. Straley, and D. Meidinger. 1994. _The Vascular Plants of British Columbia. Part 4. Monocotyledons_. Ministry of Forests, Research Program, Victoria, British Columbia. Douglas, G. W., D. Meidinger, and J. Pojar (editors). 2001. _Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 7: Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae)_. Ministry of Forests, Research Program, Victoria, British Columbia. Duvall, M. R., and D. D. Biesboer. 1988. Anatomical distinctions between the pistillate spikelets of the species of wild-rice (_Zizania_, Poaceae). _American Journal of Botany_ 75(1): 157-159. Hubbard, W.A. 1969. _The Grasses of British Columbia_. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook. No. 9. Victoria. Taylor, R. L., and B. MacBryde. 1977. _Vascular plants of British Columbia. A descriptive resource inventory_. The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, British Columbia. Terrell, E. E., W. H. P. Emery, and H. E. Beaty. 1978. Observations on _Zizania texana_, an endangered species. _Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club_ 105: 50-57. Terrell, E. E., and W. P. Wergin. 1981. Epidermal features and silica deposition in lemmas and awns of _Zizania_ (Gramineae). _American Journal of Botany_ 68(5): 697-707. Terrell, E. E., P. M. Peterson, J. L. Reveal, and M. R. Duvall. 1997. Taxonomy of North American _Zizania_ (Poaceae). _Sida_ 17: 533--549. Terrell, E. E., and M. R. Duvall. 2000. _Zizania_. In Soreng, R. J. (ed.). Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): I. Subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pharoideae. _Contributions from the United States National Herbarium_ 39: 1-128. Warrington, P. D. 1994. _Identification keys to the aquatic plants of British Columbia_. Resources Information Standards Committee Report 029, Water Quality Branch, Water Management Division, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC Warwick, S. I., and S. G. Aiken. 1986. Electrophoretic evidence for the recognition of two species in annual wild rice (_Zizania_, Poaceae). _Systematic Botany_ 11(3): 464-473. Personal Communication Leon, Mike. 2006. Member of the Katzie Band Council. (604) 465-8961, [mike@katzie.ca] ________________________________________________________________ Subscriptions: http://victoria.tc.ca/mailman/listinfo/ben-l Send submissions to aceska@telus.net BEN is archived at http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ ________________________________________________________________