From aceska at telus.net Fri Dec 3 17:44:47 2010 From: aceska at telus.net (Adolf Ceska) Date: Fri, 3 Dec 2010 09:44:47 -0800 Subject: [BEN-L]BEN # 430 Message-ID: <005c01cb9311$c72503d0$556f0b70$@net> =20 BBBBB EEEEEE NN N ISSN 1188-603X BB B EE NNN N =20 BBBBB EEEEE NN N N BOTANICAL BB B EE NN NN ELECTRONIC BBBBB EEEEEE NN N NEWS No. 430 December 3, 2010 aceska@telus.net Victoria, B.C. ----------------------------------------------------------- Dr. A. Ceska, P.O.Box 8546, Victoria, B.C. Canada V8W 3S2 ----------------------------------------------------------- _INVASION OF THE ALIENS_ - JANUARY 18 & 19, 2011 - RICHMOND, BRITISH COLUMBIA You are invited to attend _Invasion of the Aliens_, the Invasive Plant Council of BC's (IPCBC) public forum being held January 18th and 19th, = 2011. This exciting event will take place at the Delta Vancouver Airport Hotel = in Richmond, BC. Participants of Invasion of the Aliens will have the opportunity to = engage in thought-provoking discussions, listen to dynamic speakers during = plenary sessions, check out conference displays and posters, and meet and greet others during nibble and network sessions. Speakers will discuss current threats to BC, North American collaborations, invasive species impacts = on BC resources, Canada's response to invasive species, and social marketing.=20 You are also invited to attend the post-forum workshop, _Making it Work...Locally_, on January 20th, 2011. Space is limited, so be sure to register early! Call for posters is now open, and don't forget to book your conference display space early! You can also register easily from the IPCBC website www.invasiveplantcouncilbc.ca =20 We look forward to seeing you at _Invasion of the Aliens_! IPCBC Staff #104 - 197 North Second Ave. Williams Lake, BC V2G 1Z5 Ph: 1-888-WEEDSBC or 1-250-392-1400 Web: www.invasiveplantcouncilbc.ca =20 =20 RESTORATION OF DUNE COMPLEXES AT WICKANNINISH BAY From: Philip Lee, Danielle Bellefleur, & Ross Vennesland Western and Northern Service Centre, Park Canada Agency, Vancouver, BC = [PL & RV] Philip.Lee@pc.gc.ca =20 Pacific-Rim National Park Reserve, Ucluelet, BC [DB] Danielle.Bellefleur@pc.gc.ca =20 In 2008, Parks Canada began a project to restore an ecologically = functioning coastal dune ecosystem at Wickaninnish Bay within Pacific Rim National = Park Reserve. A combination of invasion by European and American = beachgrasses, (_Ammophila arenaria_ [L.] Link & _Ammophila breviligulata_ Fern.), accumulation of logging debris, and advanced encroachment by woody = species has fully or partially blocked the transport of sand to and within the = large dune complexes at Wickaninnish Bay. In turn, this produces a cascade of ecological effects that continues to convert open dunes to forests = resulting in the loss of native dune flora and fauna. Parks Canada's dune = restoration project focuses on the restoration and maintenance of the open coastal = dune ecosystem. =20 Although the exact date and method for the introduction (accidental, purposeful) and spread of _Ammophila_ spp. is uncertain, what is clear, = is that by 1960 it was a dominant dune species within the Long Beach unit = of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. _Ammophila_ spp. forms tight clonal clusters trapping the sand coming off the beach. Over time these areas develop the parallel rows of dunes and hollows that characterize = _Ammophila_ spp. dominated coastal dunes. This is the characteristic geomorphology = of dune systems on the east coast of North America. On the west coast of Vancouver Island, the development of dune rows was further facilitated = by an accumulation of logging debris particularly in the period prior to 1970. = The stabilization of sand facilitates an encroachment of woody stemmed = plants eventually leading to the development of a krummholz forest on the = foredunes and previously open backdunes.=20 At present, 50% of the available dune area at Wickaninnish is still = active with sand movement, 14% is partially blocked but can still support = almost all the dune flora, while 34% is completely blocked and exhibits a = declining dune flora (Table 1). Examination and analysis of historic aerial photographs indicates that all dune complexes at Wickaninnish will be completely closed off by 2030.=20 The dune restoration project seeks to restore and maintain the native = dune flora to those areas at Wickaninnish that have open and partially open = dunes and to use this knowledge to determine the feasibility of expanding the restoration to closed dunes and _Ammophila_ spp. covered fore- and backdunes. On Vancouver Island, the dominant native beach grass is = coastal ryegrass, _Leymus mollis_ (trin.) Pringel, (syn.: _Elymus mollis_ = Trin.). Unlike _Ammophila_ spp., sand accumulation with _L. mollis_ is much less = and dunes are more dynamic through time. It seldom grows over the backdunes, leaving them open to sand movement. Typically, we record a higher = diversity and abundance of co-existing native dune species in areas dominated by = L. mollis. The dune complexes at Wickaninnish Bay should naturally feature = an irregular pattern of dune hummocks and slacks with intermittent swards = of _L. mollis_ and open areas of mobile sand. This is the ecological target = for restoration.=20 The primary method of restoration is _Ammophila_ spp. and spruce tree (_Picea sitchensis_ [Bong.] Carr.) removal. This will prevent the = cascade of ecological events that occurs after dunes are closed to sand movement. Methods vary from hand pulling to brush and chainsaws to specially = equipped bucket excavators. Of the originally targeted 25,488 sq m, approximately two-thirds have been removed (16,985 sq m) leaving 7,603 sq m left to = treat. >From examination and analyses of historical aerial photographs, the approximate lateral expansion rate of _Ammophila_ spp. over the = foredunes has never exceeded 10.9 m per year while spruce expansion has never = exceeded 8.3 m per year. Hence, the maintenance of the open foredune after the initial restoration should not require a tremendous effort. Visually, = the response of the dune plants has been promising. The official = post-treatment sampling is slated for 2012-2013, however, this may be moved up given = the faster than expected progress.=20 This restoration work forms a platform for a number of research and monitoring programs. These include: . Re-introduction of pink sand verbena (_Abronia umbellata_), a Schedule = 1 species at risk, from seeds propagated from the Clo-oose population (Fairbarns, BEN No. 428, October 21, 2010: http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ben428.html ) . Studies into the habitat requirements of _Lathyrus littoralis_ and _Abronia umbellata_=20 . Studies into coastal erosion and geomorphology of dunes in response = to restoration - University of Victoria (Dr. Ian Walker) . Competition-productivity studies of _Leymus mollis_ and _Ammophila_ = spp.=20 . Vegetation monitoring programs in the fore- and backdune=20 >From the outset a large outreach component was built into the project. = The location of the Wickaninnish dunes with its high visitor traffic = provides an excellent opportunity for onsite education and visitation into the dune habitat. Outreach includes guided dune walks, _Ammophila_ spp. pulls = (cf. BEN # 427 http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ben427.html ), school tours, and onsite interpretation during all major restoration events such as = the excavation and disposal of _Ammophila_ spp. This outreach will continue into the future with new exhibits in the renovated interpretation = centre. =20 WHAT MAKES INVASIVE SPECIES INVASIVE? Moravcov=E1 L., P. Py=B9ek, V. Jaro=B9=EDk, V. Havl=ED=E8kov=E1 & P. = Z=E1kravsk=FD. 2010. Reproductive characteristics of neophytes in the Czech Republic: traits = of invasive and non-invasive species. _Preslia_ 82(4): 365-390.=20 http://www.preslia.cz/P104Moravcova.pdf =20 This paper describes the reproductive characteristics of 93 neophytes = (alien species introduced after 1500 A.D.) of the flora of the Czech Republic = and compares trait values between naturalized invasive and naturalized non-invasive neophytes. Species were sampled and seed collected in the = field from multiple localities in the Czech Republic. Traits related to seed production (propagule number per plant and per population), dispersal (propagule size, length/width ratio and weight; buoyancy; epizoochory; terminal velocity) and establishment (germination; seedling relative = growth rate; seedling establishment) were measured for each species either in = the field, in a common garden experiment or in the laboratory. Invasive = species significantly differ from naturalized non-invasive species in propagule length/width ratio (by having lower ratio, i.e. more rounded propagules) = and fecundity (invasive species are more fecund, both per individual plant = and in terms of the population propagule production). Invasive species have proportionally fewer seedlings establishing in the autumn and better capacity for dispersal by wind than non-invasive species. The results = for several traits differ depending on whether or not the effect of = phylogeny is included in analytical models. Considering species relatedness expressed = as a taxonomic hierarchy, invasive species have lighter propagules and = higher population propagule numbers, and marginally significantly differ in producing more propagules per plant and having higher capacity for = dispersal by water. We found that most variation in invasiveness is linked to variation among species within genera. This distribution of relatedness means that predictions of whether a species will become invasive cannot = be based on traits of the relatives of the given species at higher = taxonomic levels. The distinction made in this paper, i.e. invasive species vs. naturalized but non-invasive species, can potentially contribute to a = deeper understanding of the role of traits associated with invasiveness because = the crucial transition from the naturalized to invasion stage is rarely addressed in invasion ecology. ________________________________________________________________ Subscriptions: http://victoria.tc.ca/mailman/listinfo/ben-l Send submissions to aceska@telus.net BEN is archived at http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ ________________________________________________________________ From aceska at telus.net Tue Dec 21 18:44:37 2010 From: aceska at telus.net (Adolf Ceska) Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2010 10:44:37 -0800 Subject: [BEN-L]BEN # 431 Message-ID: <00b401cba13f$1e6d4400$5b47cc00$@net> BBBBB EEEEEE NN N ISSN 1188-603X BB B EE NNN N BBBBB EEEEE NN N N BOTANICAL BB B EE NN NN ELECTRONIC BBBBB EEEEEE NN N NEWS No. 431 December 21, 2010 aceska@telus.net Victoria, B.C. ----------------------------------------------------------- Dr. A. Ceska, 1809 Penshurst, Victoria, BC, Canada V8N 2N6 ----------------------------------------------------------- DR. ALVIN FUNK, MYCOLOGIST, FEBRUARY 8, 1925 - NOVEMBER 6, 2010 From: J. Ginns [ginnsj@shaw.ca] & Brenda E. Callan [Brenda.Callan@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca] Alvin's parents, John and Suzanna Funk belonged to a group of German Mennonites who had been invited to live in Russia to teach the farmer's better agricultural techniques. However, the Revolution and subsequent political upheaval prompted many to migrate. As a result Al was born in Laird, Saskatchewan. He received his early schooling in Saskatoon attending Wilson school, and excelling in academics and athletics. When he was about 15 years old the family moved to a fruit farm in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. During World War II, Al joined the Royal Canadian Air Force, as soon as he came of age, and was trained as a wireless air gunner, operating the radio equipment in the aircraft and manning a gun or turret as necessary. He counted those years among the best, enjoying the comradeship of his fellow airmen. After the war he enrolled in the University of Western Ontario and was awarded a B.A. in 1950. Al's interest in the fungi began in 1951 when as a research assistant he worked with fungal physiologist R.H. Haskins in the National Research Council's Prairie Regional Laboratory, Saskatoon and attended mycology classes taught by T.C. Vanterpool at the University of Saskatchewan. Al met Alice Hurley at a youth Bible class in a Gospel Hall in Saskatoon, and they were married there in 1953. Al joined the forest pathology team in the Canadian Forestry Service's Pacific laboratory in Victoria, BC in 1958 to study the causes of cankers and dieback diseases of native trees. In 1959 he enrolled in the University of Toronto's Graduate School and studied under the renowned mycologist Roy Cain. Al wrote "[Cain's] instruction proved invaluable for the work I subsequently undertook in the forest microfungi." His thesis was titled "Studies in the Genus Caliciopsis" and in 1962 the University awarded him a Ph. D. degree. Back in Victoria, Al specialized in the fungi he referred to as "microfungi," a general term covering a number of Orders and Families within the Ascomycetes and Anamorphic Fungi. The fruiting bodies of these fungi are rarely more than 2 mm in diameter and some are microscopic. During his studies Al discovered a number of fungi that were new to science and was led to describe several new genera and species. He also painstakingly studied the life cycles of these fungi and described a number of unknown life stages, often connecting the asexual stage that produced conidia with the sexual, ascospore-producing stage. He found that cankers and die backs often involved a complex of several fungi, bacteria and insects. This led him to research the feasibility of controlling a pathogenic fungus with another fungus that is antagonistic to it, and to investigate whether insect pathogens such as Cordyceps could be used to control caterpillars that feed on conifer foliage. Al brought together his studies and those of his former colleagues Art Parker and Wolf Ziller in two manuals designed to facilitate the identification of parasitic microfungi causing cankers and die backs of western trees (Funk 1981), and foliar fungi of western trees (Funk 1985). These two publications are used in the management of stem and foliage diseases in young plantations, nurseries, seed orchards and Christmas tree farms throughout North America and around the world. His very productive scientific career spanned about 35 years, and nearly all of it was spent at the Pacific Forestry Centre in Victoria. Al retired from the job he loved in 1990 on his 65th birthday. He had a few years of healthy retirement living before his first major illness. Al was held in the highest regard by his colleagues, as evidenced by the many letters of appreciation he received from mycologists worldwide upon his retirement. He was a devout Christian and Bible scholar, and a quiet and reserved man that 'out of the clear blue sky' uttered dry, incredibly funny quips. Family was a high priority for Al, as were outdoor activities such as Sunday afternoon beach or forest walks with friends. He also discovered the enjoyment of downhill skiing when in his 50's. Al is survived by his wife Alice and their children Jack Funk, Jill Rashleigh and Lindsay Funk, and their families. References Funk, A. 1981. _Parasitic microfungi of western trees. Environment Canada._ Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report BC X 222. 190 p. Funk, A. 1985. _Foliar fungi of western trees._ Agriculture Canada, Ministry of State for Forestry, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report BC X 265. 159 p. IDENTIFICATION KEY TO THE _CAREX LENTICULARIS_ GROUP From: Julie Dragon [julie.dragon@uvm.edu] Characteristics of the group: Plants mostly caespitose, basal sheaths mostly brown, culms 0.5-1.5mm wide, their angles variably scabrous-glabrous or mixed, proximal involucral bracts 0.7-3.5mm wide, terminal spike gynaecandrous or staminate and single, pistillate spikes up to 4cm long and 0.6cm wide, pistillate scale apex rounded and the distal ones awnless, perigynia veined, achenes papillose and shiny/glaucous and not constricted. The following key is a product of research I conducted on the _Carex lenticularis_ group (Dragon 2006; Dragon and Barrington 2008, 2009). Associated molecular data are largely congruent with the morphological diversity that characterizes these species, with the exception of _Carex kelloggii_ W. Boott. While morphologically very similar to Carex lenticularis Michx., molecularly C. kelloggii appeared little differentiated from the most recent common ancestor of the entire group. Further characterization of C. kelloggii is needed particularly in southwestern North America. 1 Terminal spike staminate (sometimes androgynous or appearing gynaecandrous but with a few male flowers at the top). 2 Leaves 1.0-1.6 mm wide, inflorescences <3.0 cm long, culms 0.5-0.7 mm wide, pistillate spikes 0.4-0.8 cm long x 0.2-0.5 cm wide [Amphi-Atlantic: Greenland & Scandinavia] _C. rufina_ Drejer 2 Leaves 1.4-6.0 mm wide, inflorescences 3.0 cm long, culms 0.6-1.5 mm wide, pistillate spikes 1.5-4.0 cm long x 0.3-0.6 cm wide. 3 Leaves 3.4-6.0 mm wide, culms 1.2-1.5 mm wide, anthers 1.2-1.3 mm long [Guatemala] _C. cuchumatanensis_ Standl. & Steyerm. 3 Leaves 1.4-3.3mm wide, culms 0.6-1.3mm wide, anthers >1.5 mm long. 4 Plants rhizomatous, proximal involucral bracts 2.5-3.3 mm wide [Mexico] _C. hermannii_Cochrane 4 Plants caespitose, proximal involucral bracts typically 2.3 mm wide. 5 Perigynia 3.0-3.4 mm long [southern South America] _C. decidua_ Boott 5 Perigynia 1.8-3.0 mm long. [North America] 6 Pistillate scales light brown to brown black, perigynium stipe 0.1-0.3 mm long. [east of the Rocky Mountains and of Great Plains of North America] _C.lenticularis_ Michx. 6 Pistillate scales brown to purple brown black, perigynium stipe 0.1-0.6 mm long. [Rocky Mountains and west] 7 Proximal spikes 0.6 cm wide, perigynium stipe 0.4-0.6 mm long _C. hindsii_ C.B. Clarke 7 Proximal spikes 0.4-0.5 cm wide, perigynium stipe < 0.4 mm long. 8 Perigynia with beak 2.8-4.0 mm long, the distal ones bent at maturity [BC?, WA to CA] _C. impressa_ (S.H. Wright) Mack. 8 Perigynia withbeak 1.0-3.1 mm long, the distal ones not bent At maturity [W NA] _C.kelloggii_ W. Boott 1 Terminal spike gynaecandrous. 9 Basal sheaths brown, leaves ? 2.0 mm wide, perigynia 2.6-3.0 mm long with stipe > 0.3 mm long [Alaska, Yukon Territory, northern BC] _C. enanderi_ Hult. 9 Basal sheaths red-brown to black, leaves > 2.0 mm wide, perigynia 1.7-2.4 mm long with stipe 0.0-0.3 mm long. 10 Perigynia nerves coarse, beak > 0.1 mm long, achenes do not fill perigynia [plants endemic to high elevations in the Rocky Mountains from Montana to Colorado] _C. plectocarpa_ F.J. Herm. 10 Perigynia nerves faint, beak ? 0.1mm long, achenes fill perigynia [Pacific NW and Asia] _C. eleusinoides_ Turcz. ex Kunth In Dragon & Barrington (2009), we suggested that _Carex hindsii_ and _C. impressa_ would be best treated as varieties of _Carex kelloggii_, but the nomenclatural transfers are still pending. References Dragon, J. A. 2006. _Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the _Carex aquatilis_ group section _Phacocystis_ (Cyperaceae)_. Ph.D. thesis. University of Vermont: Burlington, Vermont. Dragon, J. A. & D. S. Barrington. 2008. _East vs. west: Monophyletic clades within the paraphyletic _Carex acuta_ complex, section _Phacocystis_ (Cyperaceae). Pp. 215-226 in R. F. C. Naczi & B. A. Ford (editors): _Sedges: Uses, Diversity, and Systematics of the Cyperaceae._ _Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard._ 108. Dragon, J.A. & D.S. Barrington. 2009. _Systematics of the _Carex aquatilis_ and _C. lenticularis_ lineages: geographically and ecologically divergent sister clades of _Carex_ section _Phacocystis_ (Cyperaceae)_. _American Journal of Botany_ 96(10): 1896-1906. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/96/10/1896 DR. ALVIN FUNK - BIBLIOGRAPHY From: Brenda E. Callan [Brenda.Callan@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca] & J. Ginns [ginnsj@shaw.ca] The scientific writings of Alvin Funk (including peer reviewed papers, government reports, books, and brochures). Shu, P., A. Funk, & A.C. Neish. 1954. Mechanism of citric acid formation from glucose by _Aspergillus niger_. _Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology_ 32: 68-80. Funk, A. & P.V. Divekar. 1959. Caerulomycin, a new antibiotic from _Streptomyces caeruleus_ Baldacci. 1. Production, isolation, assay andbiological properties. _Canadian Journal of Microbiology_ 5: 317-321. Bloomberg, W.J. & A. Funk. 1960. Willow blight in British Columbia. _Bi monthly Progress Report_ 16(5): 3-4. Funk, A. 1960. _Descriptions of cultures of fungi imperfecti and ascomycetes associated with forest damage in British Columbia. I._ (Unpublished report). Department of Agriculture, Science Service, Forest Biology Division, Victoria, BC. 35 p. Funk, A. 1962. _Durandiella pseudotsugae_ n. sp.; taxonomy, cultural characteristics, life history, and host response. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 40(2): 331-335. Funk, A. 1963. Studies in the Genus _Caliciopsis_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 41(4): 503-543. Funk, A. 1963. _Descriptions of cultures of fungi imperfecti and ascomycetes associated with forest damage in British Columbia. II._ Government of Canada, Department of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Lab, Victoria, BC. Interim research report. 20 p. Funk, A. 1964. _Botryosphaeria tsugae_ n. sp. causing dieback of western hemlock in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 42(6): 769-775. Funk, A. 1964. Extensions of the host ranges and distribution of _Caliciopsis_ species on western conifers. _Plant Disease Reporter_ 48(9): 677. Funk, A. 1965. The symbiotic fungi of certain ambrosia beetles in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 43(8): 929-932. Farris, S.H. & A. Funk. 1965. Respositories of symbiotic fungus in the ambrosia beetle _Platypus wilsoni_ Swaine (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). _The Canadian Entomologist_ 97(5): 527-532. Funk, A. 1965. _Descriptions of cultures of fungi imperfecti and ascomycetes associated with forest damage in British Columbia. III._ Government of Canada, Department of Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory, Forest Research Laboratory, Victoria, BC. Interim Report. 23 p. Funk, A. 1965. A new inoculation technique for use with canker producing fungi. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 43(5): 616-617. Funk, A. 1965. A new parasite of spruce from British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 43(1): 45 48. [_Botryosphaeria piceae_ n.sp.] Funk, A., C.B. Cottrell, & T.A.D. Woods. 1965. Canker and dieback of Douglas fir in the Cariboo Region. _Bi monthly Research Report_ 21(3): 4. Reid, J. & A. Funk. 1966. The genus _Atropellis_ and a new genus of the Helotiales associated with branch cankers of western hemlock. _Mycologia_ 58(3): 417-439. Funk, A. 1966. The type species of _Ascoconidium_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 44(1): 39-41. Funk, A. 1966. _Ascoconidium tsugae_ n. sp. associated with bark diseases of western hemlock in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 44(3): 219-222. Funk, A. & A.K. Parker. 1966. _Scirrhia pini_ n. sp., the perfect state of _Dothistroma pini_ Hulbary. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 44(9): 1171-1176. Funk, A. 1967. A physiological study in the genus _Tympanis_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 45(3): 309-317. Funk, A. & R.A. Shoemaker. 1967. Layered structure in the bitunicate ascus. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 45(8): 1265-1266. Funk, A. 1967. _Dermea pseudotsugae_ n. sp., a causal agent of phloem necrosis in Douglas fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 45(10): 1803-1809. Funk, A. 1967. _Coccomyces heterophyllae_ n. sp., a hypodermataceous fungus from the periderm of western hemlock. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 45(12): 2263-2267. Funk, A. 1968. _Diaporthe lokoyae_ n.sp., the perfect state of _Phomopsis lokoyae_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 46(5): 601-603. Baranyay, J.A. & A. Funk. 1969. _Helotium resinicola_ n. sp. and its _Stilbella_ conidial state. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 47(6): 1011-1014. Funk, A. 1969. _Potebniamyces_ (_Phacidiella_) disease of the true firs in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 47(5): 751-753. Funk, A. 1969. A shoot blight disease of western larch in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 47(10): 1509-1511. [_Encoeliopsis Laricina (Ettlinger) Groves] Funk, A. 1970. Taxonomy of _Phomopsis boycei_ and its relationship to _Potebniamyces balsamicola_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 48(6): 1023-1025. Funk, A. 1970. Fungal symbionts of the ambrosia beetle _Gnathotrichus sulcatus_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 48(8): 1445-1448. [_Ambrosiella sulcati_ sp. nov., _Raffaelea sulcati_ sp. nov., & _Graphium_ sp.] Funk, A. 1970. _Dermea rhytidiformans_ n. sp., the fungus associated with cork bark of alpine fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 48(8): 1481-1483. McMinn, R.G. & A. Funk. 1970. Unusual drought symptoms in Douglas fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 48(12): 2123-2127. Funk, A. 1970. _Field tests of _Cordyceps militaris_ against the green striped forest looper._ Prepared for Interdepartmental Committee on Forest Spraying Operations Meeting. (Mimeographed report). Government of Canada, Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory, Victoria, BC. 2 p. Funk, A. & R.A. Shoemaker. 1971. _Xenomeris abietis_ associated with dieback of Douglas fir and western hemlock. _Mycologia_ 63(3): 567-574. Funk, A., & A.C. Molnar. 1972. _Kabatina thuiae_ on yellow cedar in British Columbia nurseries. _Bi-monthly Research Notes_ 28: 16-17. Funk, A. & B.C. Sutton. 1972. A disease of conifer buds in western Canada associated with _Dichomera gemmicola_ n. sp. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 50(7): 1513-1518. Funk, A. 1973. Liquid cultures in polythene bags. _Bi monthly Research Notes_ 29(4): 25. Funk, A. 1973. _Microlychnus_ gen. nov., a lichenized hyphomycete from western conifers. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 51(6): 1249-1250. Funk, A.1973. Phomopsis (Diaporthe) _canker of Douglas fir in British Columbia_. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, BC. FIDS Pest Leaflet No. 60. 5 p. Funk, A. 1973. Some mycoparasites of western bark fungi. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 51(9): 1643-1645. [_Engelhardtiella alba_ gen. et sp. nov., _Cylindrocarpon roseum_ sp. nov., & _Phymatotrichum fungicola_ Zeller.] Funk, A. 1973. Canker of dwarf mistletoe swellings on western hemlock caused by _Nectria fuckeliana_ var. _macrospora_. _Canadian Journal of Forest Research_ 3(1): 71-74. Ziller, W.G. & A. Funk. 1973. Studies of hypodermataceous needle diseases. III. The association of _Sarcotrochila macrospora_ n. sp. and _Hemiphacidiumlongisporum_ n. sp. with pine needle cast caused by _Davisomycella ampla_ and _Lophodermella concolor_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 51(10): 1959-1963. Funk, A. 1974. Microfungi associated with dieback of native Cupressaceae in British Columbia. _Canadian Plant Disease Survey_ 54(4): 166-168. Funk, A. & E.E. McMullan. 1974. Phacidin, a fungal growth inhibitor from _Potebniamyces balsamicola_ var. _boycei_. _Canadian Journal of Microbiology_ 20(3): 422-425. Funk, A. & J. Kuijt. 1974. _Caliciopsis struthanthi_ n. sp. (Ascomycetes) on Loranthaceae in Central America. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 52(5): 1149-1150. Funk, A. 1975. Stem cankers of young Douglas firs associated with larval feeding galleries of _Laspeyresia pseudotsugae_ (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). _European Journal of Forest Pathology_ 5(3): 143-146. [_Pragmopora pithya_ (Fr.) Groves] Funk, A. & H. Zalasky. 1975. _Rhytidiella baranyayi_ n. sp., associated with cork bark of aspen. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 53(8): 752-755. Funk, A. 1975. _Sageria_, a new genus of Helotiales. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 53(12): 1196-1199. Funk, A. 1975. New microfungi on coastal Douglas fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 53(20): 2297-2302. [_Coccomyces pseudotsugae_ n. sp., _Phragmoporthe pseudotsugae_ n. sp., _Botryosphaeria pseudotsugae_ n. sp,_Phomopsis portei_ n. sp. & _Haplosporella_ sp.] Sutton, B.C. & A. Funk. 1975. Conidial states of some _Pragmopora_ and _Tympanis_ species. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 53(6): 521-526. Ilnytzky, S. & A. Funk. 1976. Preliminary tests on control of insect defoliators with a fungus. _Bi monthly Research Notes_ 32(1): 3. [_Cordyceps militaris_ (L.) Link] Funk, A. 1976. _Parkerella_, a new genus of Coronophorales. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 54(9): 868-871. Funk, A. 1976. The genus _Dermea_ and related conidial states on Douglas fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 54(24): 2852-2856. Hiratsuka, Y. & A. Funk. 1976. Additional records of _Gremmeniella abietina_ in western Canada. _Plant Disease Reporter_ 60(7): 631. Whitney, H.S. & A. Funk. 1977. _Pezizella chapmanii_ n. sp., a discomycete associated with bark beetle galleries in western conifers. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 55(8): 888-891. Hunt, R.S. & A. Funk. 1977. Mushrooms fatal to dogs. _Mycologia_ 69(2): 432-433. Funk, A. 1977. Growth of _Cordyceps militaris_ in liquid shake culture. _Bi monthly Research Notes_ 33(3): 30-31. Sekhon, A.S. & A. Funk. 1977. In vitro growth inhibitory studies of phacidin against some dermatophytes, opportunistic and systemic fungi and yeasts pathogenic on man. _Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy_ 3: 95-100. Funk, A. 1978. A new _Grovesiella_ on grand fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 56(3): 245-247. Funk, A. 1978. Two new species of encoelioideae (Helotiales) on western hemlock. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 56(14): 1575-1578. [_Pestalopezia tsugae_ n.sp. & _Nipterella tsugae_ n.sp.] Funk, A. 1978. _Canker disease of spruce._ Fisheries and Environment Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, BC. Forest Pest Leaflet 65. Funk, A. 1978. _Seimatosporium etheridgei_ n. sp., associated with a new disease of aspen bark. _European Journal of Forest Pathology_ 8(1): 54-58. Funk, A. 1979. New species of Gelatinosporium on western conifers. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 57(7): 765-767. Funk, A. 1979. _Rileya_, a new genus of Coelomycetes. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 57(1): 7-10. Funk, A. 1979. A new _Nitschkia_ on western conifers and its probable microconidial state. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 57(20): 2113-2115. Funk, A. 1979. _Leciographa gallicola_ n. sp., a putative parasite on aspen galls. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 57(1): 4-6. Funk, A. 1979. Sexuality of _Scirrhia pini_. _Bi monthly Research Notes_ 35(3): 14. Funk, A. 1980. "Buboes Canker" of aspen in British Columbia. _Bi monthly Research Notes_ 36(6): 31-32. Funk, A. 1980. A description of _Verrucaria plumbaria_ on Douglas fir. _Mycologia_ 72(2): 422-425. Funk, A. 1980. New _Therrya_ species parasitic on western conifers. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 58(11): 1291-1294. Funk, A. 1980. _Pseudophacidium garmanii_ n. sp., on interior spruce in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 58(23): 2447-2449. Funk, A. 1980. The Sclerophomas associated with dieback of Douglas fir. _European Journal of Forest Pathology_ 10(1): 53-57. Smith, R.B. & A. Funk. 1980. Assessing _Nectria macrospora_ as a biological control agent for hemlock dwarf mistletoe. _Bi monthly Research Notes_ 36(3): 11-12. Funk, A. 1981. _Parasitic microfungi of western trees._ Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report BC X 222. 190 p. Funk, A. & R.B. Smith. 1981. _Potebniamyces gallicola_ n. sp., from dwarf mistletoe infections in western hemlock. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 59(9): 1610-1612. Funk, A. 1982. Therrya canker of spruce in British Columbia. _Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology_ 4: 357-361. Funk, A. 1982. _Vanterpoolia_, a new genus of sporodochial hyphomycetes. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 60(6): 973-975. Funk, A. & J. Kuijt. 1982. _Mycocalicium viscinicola_ sp. nov. (Caliciales) on mistletoe viscin in South America. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 60(2): 191-193. Funk, A. & R.A. Shoemaker. 1983. _Stuartella suttonii_ n. sp., the teleomorph of _Bactrodesmium obliguum_ var. _suttonii_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 61(9): 2277-2279. Funk, A. 1983. _Szczawinskia_, a new genus of the lichen forming Coelomycetes. _Syesis_ 16: 85-88. Funk, A. 1984. _Endothiella aggregata_ n. sp. (Phialostromatineae) on western conifers. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 62: 154-155. Funk, A. 1985. _Foliar fungi of western trees._ Agriculture Canada, Ministry of State for Forestry, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Information Report BC X 265. 159 p. Funk, A., T.A.D. Woods, & S.J. Hopkinson. 1985. _Hormonema merioides_ n. sp., on Douglas fir needles. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 63(9): 1579-1581. Hopkins, J.C., W. Lock, & A. Funk. 1985. _Colletotrichum acutatum_, a new pathogen on western hemlock seedlings in British Columbia. _Canadian Plant Disease Survey_ 65(1): 11-13. Funk, A. 1985. _Botryosphaeria pseudotsugae_; association with a canker of Douglas fir and observations on its morphology. _Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology_ 7: 355-358. Funk, A. 1986. A new species of _Ciboria_ on hemlock needles. _Transactions of the British Mycological Society_ 86: 184-186. Funk, A. 1986. _Monilia versiformia_ sp. nov. (Hyphomycetes) from a perennial Douglas fir canker. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 65: 23-25. Funk, A. 1986. Phomopsis (Diaporthe) _canker of Douglas fir in British Columbia._ Agriculture Canada, Ministry of State for Forestry and Mines, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Forest Pest Leaflet 60. Funk, A. 1986. Two new discomycetes on _Pinus_. _Mycotaxon_ 27: 283-288. [_Claussenomyces pini sp.n. & _Crumenulopsis lacrimiformia_ sp.n.] Hopkins, J.C. & A. Funk. 1986. Dieback of white birch in central British Columbia. _Canadian Plant Disease Survey_ 66(2): 59-60. Funk, A. 1987. _Stigmina zilleri_ sp. nov., associated with brown leaf spot of broadleaf maple. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 65: 482-483. Hopkins, J. & A. Funk. 1987. _Apostrasseria lunata_ associated with seedling mortality of western white pine and Douglas fir in British Columbia. _Canadian Plant Disease Survey_ 67(1): 23. Funk, A. & C.E. Dorworth. 1988. _Mycosphaerella mycopappi_ sp. nov. and its anamorphs on leaves of _Acer macrophyllum_. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 66: 295-297. Funk, A. & K.E. Finck. 1988. _Sydowia semenospora_ sp. nov. and its anamorph on amabilis fir. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 66: 2128-2129. Hunt, R.S. & Funk, A. 1988. _Parvacoccum pini_ gen. et sp. nov. (Rhytismataceae) on western white pine. _Mycotaxon_ 33: 51-55. Funk, A. 1988. _Mushrooms in Forestry._ Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Funk, A. 1988. _Mushrooms in Lawns._ Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Funk, A. 1989. _Pollaccia borealis_ sp. nov. associated with a purple brown Leaf spot of aspen. _Canadian Journal of Botany_ 67: 776-778. Funk, A. 1989. Observations on an aspen leaf spot disease and associated fungus, _Pollaccia borealis_. _Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology_ 11: 353-356. Hunt, R.S., B.E. Callan, & A. Funk. 1992. _Common pests of arbutus in British Columbia._ Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Forest Pest Leaflet 63. Callan, B.E. & A. Funk. 1994. _Introduction to forest diseases._ Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC. Forest Pest Leaflet 54. Co-published by the BC Ministry of Forests. 16 p. ________________________________________________________________ Subscriptions: http://victoria.tc.ca/mailman/listinfo/ben-l Send submissions to aceska@telus.net BEN is archived at http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ ________________________________________________________________